新《金融企业会计制度》对证券业影响及对策研究
本站原创 论文中文摘要：为了全面提高包括证券公司在内白勺金融企业会计信息质量,2001 年11 月,财政部制定发布了《金融企业会计制度》。该制度在实施方面采取了逐步推进白勺方式。即首先于2002 年1 月1 日起在上市白勺金融企业(包括上市白勺证券公司)和外资金融企业实施,并出于进一步加强对证券公司白勺监管白勺考虑,要求尚没有执行《金融企业会计制度》白勺证券公司于2004年1 月1 日起执行该制度。在新制度白勺制约下,券商引发白勺问题是在预料之中白勺,从规范我国证券市场发展,促进券商规范运作,提高其抗风险能力来看,《金融企业会计制度》起到了一定白勺作用,但从短期来看,新会计制度可能会使年轻白勺证券行业正经历着严峻考验。《金融企业会计制度》究竟会给券商带来怎样白勺影响,证券行业将如何来面对这场生存危机并以监管作为突破口,加快规范发展步伐,在创新中更加规范,在规范中作大作强,推动我国资本市场进一步健康发展,这正是本文白勺研究重点。本文通过对《金融企业会计制度》实施白勺背景及其具体内容白勺分析,比较新旧会计制度白勺区别,并从证券公司白勺角度来分析《金融企业会计制度》白勺实施对券商及整个证券行业白勺深远影响及行业白勺发展走向,积极探讨了新白勺制度环境和市场环境下券商白勺发展对策。为券商提高财务管理水平,增强竞争能力,逐步走出行业困境以及整个证券行业白勺规范发展提供一定白勺借鉴意义
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn I. Background research In November 2001, the Ministry of Finance established the 《Financial Enterprise Accounting Guidelines>> in an effort to improve the quality of accountancy data for the benefits of stock and securities brokerages, and other financial institutions. The new guideline had since been adopted by the industry; changes and migrations were introduced gradually to ensure a ooth transition. The guidelines had been implemented in companies that went public after 1st January 2002, as well as financial institutions and were solely or partly owned by foreign investors. To enforce supervision over securities brokerages, those were yet to adopt the Guidelines were asked to do so by 1st January 2004. There had been some tremendous breakthrough in the new guideline in comparison to the existing one. The new guideline is far more detailed, formalised and rigorous. The implementation of the guideline enables the identification of problems that were previously concealed by stock & security brokers, it reveals brokers’background if disguised, clarifies existing problems and uncover the brokers’real financial capacities. The guideline also enhances the accounting data quality, increased transparency of the data, minimizes financial risks, and promotes our country’s finance enterprise accounting system to be compatible with the international standard. This thesis is aimed to demonstrate, through background research and concrete content analysis of the old and the new, the long term impact of the new accounting guideline on the financial industry and its future trends. It is also the aim of the thesis that the observations and analysis would influence brokerage firms to improve on their management and competency, and eventually proceed into a healthy course of development. II. Comparison of the old and the new The new << Financial Enterprise Accounting Guideline>> allows the utilization of professional judgment. The changes that may incur as a result of implementing the guideline are to be traced, prioritized, and adjusted gradually, If the accumulated changed are all, or the number of accumulated changes cannot to established, appropriate future measures are to be in place to accommodate them. The new guideline placed great emphasis on the discretion principle; redefining assets to fully manifest the asset’s quality characteristic, the devaluation contingency range is increased; changes are introduced to the contingency plan, placing greater emphasis on the disclosure of accounting data, as well as its truthfulness and completeness. III. The impact of the implementation on the financial industry. The impact on the financial industry is observed in the following five aspects: 1."Financial Enterprise Accounting Guideline”improved the quality of accounting data. The new accounting system, compared with the old system, is more detailed, formalized and rigorous. The increased level of discretion in accounting policy improves on the quality of accounting data, the valuation of assets is more precise, reducing the inappropriate amount of evaluation in profits, presenting an accurate picture of its risk exposure, greatlyenhance transparency in accounting data, promoting at the same time the credibility of financial institutions. It also gives a true reflection of its operation, which helps in reducing risk and keeping the company on the right track. 2.Uncovering of historic corruption The new guideline gives new definition to asset, which causes changes in assets valuation. Devaluation contingency range’s increase placed greater pressure on brokers, the real situation of the asset management service reveals, exposing cases of corruptions that had taken place. 3.The sales activities of the brokers are hugely impacted The use the discretion in accounting policy, and adjustments on the other hand, decreased the valuation of the brokers on the books. This poses as a threat to brokerages, since its current services in investment banking, asset management and derivatives dealings are all related to the brokerage’s financial standing. Asset reduction on the books may disqualify its services in the above mentioned areas, disabling its functions as a financial institution. 4.Future trends under heightened supervision Heightened supervision in senior management eliminates the incompetent brokers. Brokerages are categorized for more appropriate supervision, through also the establishment of an integral, scientific appraisal system. A policy is already in place to reward the well performing brokerages enabling them to expand and grow. Management is also to perfect its trials, giving brokerages further preferential policies, improving its investment environment. IV.Brokerages’existing problems and solutionsThere is also great resistance in adopting the new accounting guideline, upon the implementation of the guideline may face challenges from the brokerages. It is recommend to the brokerages the following countermeasure: 1.Brokerages are to strengthen their internal system for complete internal control Risk management is a key question in capital market development, mainly owing to the historical accumulation of bad debts, inappropriate operations, the lack of internal risk management and the lack of comprehensive laws and legislations that regulate the financial markets. Brokerages are to strengthen their internal system, establishing complete internal control system; introducing thorough check on collateral, control investment banking and asset management. They are to steer clear from the traditional financial services’conducts, cease the redirection of collateral, and overdue bonds. To also enhance its risk management, enabling the progress and growth of their spectrum of financial services. 2.Promote innovation in services Innovation is the starting point of china securities regulatory commission’s management by categories. The supervising and managing institution are to introduce changes and implementations appropriately and gradually, giving new level of autonomy to brokerages. Supervising and managing institutions are to prioritize the guidelines to be implemented within the realms of current legislation. Upon succesul implementation the guidelines and policies are to be modified accordingly and to be adopted industry wide. 3.Widening the financing channels for brokerages To promote and encourage positive conducts, opening up financing for financial institutions, dredging the money market and the capital marketrelation, ceasing he redirection of stock collateral and other prohibited activities. The implementation of the guideline causes the majority of the financial institutions to devalue on the books, resulting in the net assets to be aller than the stock capital. The financial industry must employ financing methods, for example to increase the capital and issue more stock to raise capital. Otherwise problem may occur in the company’s usual cash flow. 4.Improvement on stock market’s systematic environment and positively impacts the domestic stock market evolution If the implementation results only in a few companies’devaluation then it may be the result of moral risk or their business capacity; If almost all business identified problems then it must be defects in the over all system. Past experiences show that to improve the situation of financial intuitions the key is to change the policies, guidelines in the environment; to encourage innovation, and increase competency. Brokerages could only spread its wings in an active and lively financial market. 5.Professional development for accounting professionals is crucial The guidelines requires renewed accounting knowledge, changes in perceptions of established accounting concepts and acute professional judgment. It raises the requirement for accountants’knowledge structure. As a results accountants are to begin continuous professional development in keeping with the reform and evolution. Looking at the accounting profession as a whole professional development for accounting professionals is the industry’s top priority.
论文关键词： 金融企业会计制度；证券业；影响；对策；
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn I. Background research In November 2001, the Ministry of Finance established the 《Financial Enterprise Accounting Guidelines>> in an effort to improve the quality of accountancy data for the benefits of stock and securities brokerages, and other financial institutions. The new guideline had since been adopted by the industry; changes and migrations were introduced gradually to ensure a ooth transition. The guidelines had been implemented in companies that went public after 1st January 2002, as well as financial institutions and were solely or partly owned by foreign investors. To enforce supervision over securities brokerages, those were yet to adopt the Guidelines were asked to do so by 1st January 2004. There had been some tremendous breakthrough in the new guideline in comparison to the existing one. The new guideline is far more detailed, formalised and rigorous. The implementation of the guideline enables the identification of problems that were previously concealed by stock & security brokers, it reveals brokers’background if disguised, clarifies existing problems and uncover the brokers’real financial capacities. The guideline also enhances the accounting data quality, increased transparency of the data, minimizes financial risks, and promotes our country’s finance enterprise accounting system to be compatible with the international standard. This thesis is aimed to demonstrate, through background research and concrete content analysis of the old and the new, the long term impact of the new accounting guideline on the financial industry and its future trends. It is also the aim of the thesis that the observations and analysis would influence brokerage firms to improve on their management and competency, and eventually proceed into a healthy course of development. II. Comparison of the old and the new The new << Financial Enterprise Accounting Guideline>> allows the utilization of professional judgment. The changes that may incur as a result of implementing the guideline are to be traced, prioritized, and adjusted gradually, If the accumulated changed are all, or the number of accumulated changes cannot to established, appropriate future measures are to be in place to accommodate them. The new guideline placed great emphasis on the discretion principle; redefining assets to fully manifest the asset’s quality characteristic, the devaluation contingency range is increased; changes are introduced to the contingency plan, placing greater emphasis on the disclosure of accounting data, as well as its truthfulness and completeness. III. The impact of the implementation on the financial industry. The impact on the financial industry is observed in the following five aspects: 1."Financial Enterprise Accounting Guideline”improved the quality of accounting data. The new accounting system, compared with the old system, is more detailed, formalized and rigorous. The increased level of discretion in accounting policy improves on the quality of accounting data, the valuation of assets is more precise, reducing the inappropriate amount of evaluation in profits, presenting an accurate picture of its risk exposure, greatlyenhance transparency in accounting data, promoting at the same time the credibility of financial institutions. It also gives a true reflection of its operation, which helps in reducing risk and keeping the company on the right track. 2.Uncovering of historic corruption The new guideline gives new definition to asset, which causes changes in assets valuation. Devaluation contingency range’s increase placed greater pressure on brokers, the real situation of the asset management service reveals, exposing cases of corruptions that had taken place. 3.The sales activities of the brokers are hugely impacted The use the discretion in accounting policy, and adjustments on the other hand, decreased the valuation of the brokers on the books. This poses as a threat to brokerages, since its current services in investment banking, asset management and derivatives dealings are all related to the brokerage’s financial standing. Asset reduction on the books may disqualify its services in the above mentioned areas, disabling its functions as a financial institution. 4.Future trends under heightened supervision Heightened supervision in senior management eliminates the incompetent brokers. Brokerages are categorized for more appropriate supervision, through also the establishment of an integral, scientific appraisal system. A policy is already in place to reward the well performing brokerages enabling them to expand and grow. Management is also to perfect its trials, giving brokerages further preferential policies, improving its investment environment. IV.Brokerages’existing problems and solutionsThere is also great resistance in adopting the new accounting guideline, upon the implementation of the guideline may face challenges from the brokerages. It is recommend to the brokerages the following countermeasure: 1.Brokerages are to strengthen their internal system for complete internal control Risk management is a key question in capital market development, mainly owing to the historical accumulation of bad debts, inappropriate operations, the lack of internal risk management and the lack of comprehensive laws and legislations that regulate the financial markets. Brokerages are to strengthen their internal system, establishing complete internal control system; introducing thorough check on collateral, control investment banking and asset management. They are to steer clear from the traditional financial services’conducts, cease the redirection of collateral, and overdue bonds. To also enhance its risk management, enabling the progress and growth of their spectrum of financial services. 2.Promote innovation in services Innovation is the starting point of china securities regulatory commission’s management by categories. The supervising and managing institution are to introduce changes and implementations appropriately and gradually, giving new level of autonomy to brokerages. Supervising and managing institutions are to prioritize the guidelines to be implemented within the realms of current legislation. Upon succesul implementation the guidelines and policies are to be modified accordingly and to be adopted industry wide. 3.Widening the financing channels for brokerages To promote and encourage positive conducts, opening up financing for financial institutions, dredging the money market and the capital marketrelation, ceasing he redirection of stock collateral and other prohibited activities. The implementation of the guideline causes the majority of the financial institutions to devalue on the books, resulting in the net assets to be aller than the stock capital. The financial industry must employ financing methods, for example to increase the capital and issue more stock to raise capital. Otherwise problem may occur in the company’s usual cash flow. 4.Improvement on stock market’s systematic environment and positively impacts the domestic stock market evolution If the implementation results only in a few companies’devaluation then it may be the result of moral risk or their business capacity; If almost all business identified problems then it must be defects in the over all system. Past experiences show that to improve the situation of financial intuitions the key is to change the policies, guidelines in the environment; to encourage innovation, and increase competency. Brokerages could only spread its wings in an active and lively financial market. 5.Professional development for accounting professionals is crucial The guidelines requires renewed accounting knowledge, changes in perceptions of established accounting concepts and acute professional judgment. It raises the requirement for accountants’knowledge structure. As a results accountants are to begin continuous professional development in keeping with the reform and evolution. Looking at the accounting profession as a whole professional development for accounting professionals is the industry’s top priority.
论文关键词： 金融企业会计制度；证券业；影响；对策；