金融危机下公允价值计量模式研究
本站原创 论文中文摘要：2008年,由美国次贷危机引起白勺金融危机席卷全球,同时带来了社会各界对公允价值计量模式白勺探讨。为研究公允价值是否是引起金融危机白勺罪魁祸首,金融危机下该计量模式给我国带来了怎样白勺实际影响,金融危机后该计量模式是否能继续使用等问题,本文参考了大量白勺文献,借鉴了国外尤其是美国对公允价值白勺相关研究,比较了国内外关于公允价值对会计信息研究白勺不同成果,阐述了公允价值计量模式白勺理论基础及其在我国新会计准则中白勺具体应用,创新性白勺结合受金融危机影响较大白勺金融业白勺连续三年白勺财务报告,分析危机前后以公允价值计量白勺资产、负债白勺比例、公允价值变动对净利润和股东权益白勺影响,得出了公允价值计量模式使金融业尤其是保险业受到了金融危机白勺影响,但该模式应适当改变而不是停止使用白勺结论。最后结合我国白勺实际宏观环境,总结出了在我国如何更好应用公允价值白勺建议及进一步研究白勺展望
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In the 1980s, the outbreak of the“sings and loan crisis”, led to the question on historical cost measurement model from the accountancy field. After the full demonstration and investigation of the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission, the policy that the historical cost model will be gradually replaced by the fair value accounting in practical measurement of financial instruments. However, when the fair value measurement model is commonly accepted and used widely in the accounting, the fair value model was considered as the culprit of the financial crisis in the 2007 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis. Many financial communities even asked for preventing the model from applying continiously. As a emerging market economy, our country began to use fair value measurement model in the new accounting norms during the opposite sound we of it. What has China received from the effects of this model in the financial reporting of the financial industries greatly influenced by the financial crisis? How can it continue to use? What kind of barriers will it meet in our country, including its limitations and the environment where the market economy is to be improved? How to improve this? We will study these questions, to improve our accounting theory and practice to get more perfect and developed.With the explaination of the background of the research and meaning and determination of the technological line of the research as a premise, this text refers to large sums of references of the fair value research, analyzes the status quo of the fair value at home and abroad and the status quo of the fair value measurement model’s impact on the accounting information, and states that the fair value research has experienced the conversion from whether to use to how to use, and the application of the fair value has moved from the ficancial instruments to the non-instruments, with a expanded application range. From 1998 to 2006, the fair value-related accounting standards he been enacted or amended three times in our country. In 2006, the application range of the fair value was established in the new accounting standards. However, after the financial crisis, the united states and other countries argued about whether continued to apply the fair value measurement; besides, the acdemic achievement about this is relatively less. As the publication of the new accounting standards, our scholars he rearched the fair value to some extent, but the results of the financial crisis research fair value seem to be less. This article is based on the relative theory research on the fair value at home and abroad, learn from the advanced and comprehensive technical method of the U.S. SEC, combining the existing theory and method at home, with the financial reporting data of all listed companies in China’s financial banking, and researches on the seldom involved field– the fair value measurement model in the financial crisis based on the financial reporting, in order to promote the development of our accounting theory and practice.After the conclusion of the cause of the fair value measurement model and the research status at home and abroad, the third chapter describes the fair value accounting specific applications in China. China’s new accounting standards, no matter in the fair value meanings or in the fair value specific application range, fully draws on international accounting standards, overcomes the bottleneck of international convergence of accounting, and achieves the substantive breakthrough of the accounting standards and international accounting standards convergence. Of cource, China does not completely copy the relevant provisions of international accounting standards, but retains its own characteristics properly. The spcific applications are conditional and cautious. Generally, as the fair value is uncertain, changeable and collective, thus brings new theoretical problems and confusion after practical application. This is reflected in: on one hand, fair value measurement model may increase the volatility of the financial statements project; on the other hand, for the statement users and producers, because the fair value access has information uncertainty, the risk of the assets or liabilities and the income-related information diatches dramatically. Then it is difficult to guarantee the reliability of the information quality.Combined with 33 of China’s financial industry, the financial reports of listed companies the relevant data, through the financial crisis to the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities, the proportion of fair value changes on net income and shareholders equity of, before and after the financial crisis and the proportion of Comparison of effects, etc., the following conclusions: first, on the whole, the fair value of China’s financial industry has some application, Accounting Standards in China is marked by the historical cost measurement model to the mixed-measurement model and even the standard change in fair value model. Second, does the financial crisis financial sector listed companies in China had an impact, particularly affecting the insurance industry is particularly important, but disappear as the financial crisis, the fair value of financial reporting back to a normal level, so the model or should continue to be used, but in exceptional circumstances such as financial crisis further improvement is needed. Third, should improve the valuation of the fair value of technology, especially in the second and third level, China can learn from the FASB’s relevant experience, set up by the experts and practitioners to develop professional committee composed of the fair value measurement criteria, the fair value definition, application, recognition and disclosure norms and other levels can be brief, and in the application of its guidelines and instructions to be specific to add. While the financial sector companies should be timely and complete accounting system of its own tranormation and development of fair value lies within the valuation model to meet the fair value measurement in China’s financial sector as well as promote the use of all industry needs. Fourth, we can choose the introduction of comprehensive income or other balance sheet items, reflecting the impact of changes in fair value, in order to complete the relevant disclosure of financial reports, financial reports to facilitate users access to accurate information.Coming to these conclusions and recommendations, the text also has the following outlook for further research: First, the article focuses only of the domestic financial industry’s application of fair value, while the application of fair value of other industry research and analysis does not involve. In the future, other industries can be more researched in the application of fair value, to conclude the history and status quo of fair value in our country’s all industries and the financial crisis’s impact on all of our industries. Second, as the data disclosed in annual reports are not complete, when this paper studies the fair value measurement assets and liabilities proportion and impact of fair value changes on net income and shareholders equity, only selects the relevant data of financial. In the future, we can consider more of investing in real estate and non-monetary assets exchange’s fair value-based data. Thirdly, because this sample of institutions selected he not been fully released in 2009 annual, I only select the third quarter’s data 2009. Some companies also disclosed the report in a timely manner, but didn’t introduce the related data, limiting the empirical research of the data.
论文关键词： 金融危机；公允价值；财务报告；
Key words（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn Fair value；financial crisis；financial reports；
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In the 1980s, the outbreak of the“sings and loan crisis”, led to the question on historical cost measurement model from the accountancy field. After the full demonstration and investigation of the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission, the policy that the historical cost model will be gradually replaced by the fair value accounting in practical measurement of financial instruments. However, when the fair value measurement model is commonly accepted and used widely in the accounting, the fair value model was considered as the culprit of the financial crisis in the 2007 caused by the subprime mortgage crisis. Many financial communities even asked for preventing the model from applying continiously. As a emerging market economy, our country began to use fair value measurement model in the new accounting norms during the opposite sound we of it. What has China received from the effects of this model in the financial reporting of the financial industries greatly influenced by the financial crisis? How can it continue to use? What kind of barriers will it meet in our country, including its limitations and the environment where the market economy is to be improved? How to improve this? We will study these questions, to improve our accounting theory and practice to get more perfect and developed.With the explaination of the background of the research and meaning and determination of the technological line of the research as a premise, this text refers to large sums of references of the fair value research, analyzes the status quo of the fair value at home and abroad and the status quo of the fair value measurement model’s impact on the accounting information, and states that the fair value research has experienced the conversion from whether to use to how to use, and the application of the fair value has moved from the ficancial instruments to the non-instruments, with a expanded application range. From 1998 to 2006, the fair value-related accounting standards he been enacted or amended three times in our country. In 2006, the application range of the fair value was established in the new accounting standards. However, after the financial crisis, the united states and other countries argued about whether continued to apply the fair value measurement; besides, the acdemic achievement about this is relatively less. As the publication of the new accounting standards, our scholars he rearched the fair value to some extent, but the results of the financial crisis research fair value seem to be less. This article is based on the relative theory research on the fair value at home and abroad, learn from the advanced and comprehensive technical method of the U.S. SEC, combining the existing theory and method at home, with the financial reporting data of all listed companies in China’s financial banking, and researches on the seldom involved field– the fair value measurement model in the financial crisis based on the financial reporting, in order to promote the development of our accounting theory and practice.After the conclusion of the cause of the fair value measurement model and the research status at home and abroad, the third chapter describes the fair value accounting specific applications in China. China’s new accounting standards, no matter in the fair value meanings or in the fair value specific application range, fully draws on international accounting standards, overcomes the bottleneck of international convergence of accounting, and achieves the substantive breakthrough of the accounting standards and international accounting standards convergence. Of cource, China does not completely copy the relevant provisions of international accounting standards, but retains its own characteristics properly. The spcific applications are conditional and cautious. Generally, as the fair value is uncertain, changeable and collective, thus brings new theoretical problems and confusion after practical application. This is reflected in: on one hand, fair value measurement model may increase the volatility of the financial statements project; on the other hand, for the statement users and producers, because the fair value access has information uncertainty, the risk of the assets or liabilities and the income-related information diatches dramatically. Then it is difficult to guarantee the reliability of the information quality.Combined with 33 of China’s financial industry, the financial reports of listed companies the relevant data, through the financial crisis to the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities, the proportion of fair value changes on net income and shareholders equity of, before and after the financial crisis and the proportion of Comparison of effects, etc., the following conclusions: first, on the whole, the fair value of China’s financial industry has some application, Accounting Standards in China is marked by the historical cost measurement model to the mixed-measurement model and even the standard change in fair value model. Second, does the financial crisis financial sector listed companies in China had an impact, particularly affecting the insurance industry is particularly important, but disappear as the financial crisis, the fair value of financial reporting back to a normal level, so the model or should continue to be used, but in exceptional circumstances such as financial crisis further improvement is needed. Third, should improve the valuation of the fair value of technology, especially in the second and third level, China can learn from the FASB’s relevant experience, set up by the experts and practitioners to develop professional committee composed of the fair value measurement criteria, the fair value definition, application, recognition and disclosure norms and other levels can be brief, and in the application of its guidelines and instructions to be specific to add. While the financial sector companies should be timely and complete accounting system of its own tranormation and development of fair value lies within the valuation model to meet the fair value measurement in China’s financial sector as well as promote the use of all industry needs. Fourth, we can choose the introduction of comprehensive income or other balance sheet items, reflecting the impact of changes in fair value, in order to complete the relevant disclosure of financial reports, financial reports to facilitate users access to accurate information.Coming to these conclusions and recommendations, the text also has the following outlook for further research: First, the article focuses only of the domestic financial industry’s application of fair value, while the application of fair value of other industry research and analysis does not involve. In the future, other industries can be more researched in the application of fair value, to conclude the history and status quo of fair value in our country’s all industries and the financial crisis’s impact on all of our industries. Second, as the data disclosed in annual reports are not complete, when this paper studies the fair value measurement assets and liabilities proportion and impact of fair value changes on net income and shareholders equity, only selects the relevant data of financial. In the future, we can consider more of investing in real estate and non-monetary assets exchange’s fair value-based data. Thirdly, because this sample of institutions selected he not been fully released in 2009 annual, I only select the third quarter’s data 2009. Some companies also disclosed the report in a timely manner, but didn’t introduce the related data, limiting the empirical research of the data.
论文关键词： 金融危机；公允价值；财务报告；
Key words（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn Fair value；financial crisis；financial reports；