我国上市公司会计信息披露问题及其治理
本站原创 论文中文摘要：中国证券市场作为全球新兴证券市场之一,其十余年的高速发展已经取得了世人瞩目的成就。目前资本市场正逐步繁荣,越来越多的公司通过股票上市,借助资本市场筹集发展所需要的资金支持。随着上市公司的迅速增多,对公司行为进行规范,对上市公司会计信息的披露进行规范,确保上市公司提供准确、充分的会计信息,保护投资者的积极性不受到挫伤,保证资本市场秩序的稳定,已经成为我国政府监管部门迫切需要解决的问题之一。本世纪初,相继爆发了安然、施乐、世通、默克等世界著名跨国公司重大会计案,极大地震撼了美国的证券市场。近年来,我国证券市场也出现了诸如郑百文、ST渤海、蓝田股份、东方电子、银广夏等一系列会计案,引发了社会各界对上市公司会计信息披露质量的忧虑。随着我国股票市场的不断发展,我国股市的信息披露制度从无到有,已经形成一套初步的信息披露制度,对维护股市秩序、保护广大投资者利益起了积极作用。但是,我们应当看到上市公司的会计信息披露依然存在不少问题,会计信息披露所涉及的违规、违法事件仍时有发生。“银广夏”等一批公司的,说明我国上市公司信息披露现状不容乐观,我们在上市公司信息披露的制度建设、执法与监管等方面还任重道远。因此,我们要深入揭示会计信息披露存在的问题,寻找治理会计信息披露问题的对策,对虚假会计信息进行有效的治理,从理论上和实务上规范会计信息披露,以解决会计信息失真问题,提高上市公司会计信息质量。本文试图结合新会计准则,通过对公允价值计量模式的谨慎、适度使用及有效监管,对会计政策使用、变动的严格把握及审查,完善会计信息披露制度;通过完善相关法规建设,建立和完善多层次的信息披露监管体系,完善注册会计师行业监督体系等措施加强对上市公司的外部监管;通过完善上市公司治理结构及内部控制等措施改善上市公司的内部治理,防止虚假会计信息的产生,提高会计信息披露的质量,实现资本市场的资源优化配置功能,推动我国资本市场健康发展。本文框架和主要内容如下:第一章是导论,首先介绍了选择本题的背景与意义,提出本文要研究会计信息披露存在的问题,寻找治理会计信息披露问题的对策,以提高上市公司会计信息质量。然后,本文在阅读了大量国内外文献的基础上,对国内外会计信息披露研究的经典理论和最新成果进行了介绍。其中,就国外的研究,从会计信息属性出发,介绍了新古典理论和规范理论两种不同的观点;从信息经济学的角度,根据信息不对称理论对会计信息披露问题进行了解释。介绍了会计信息披露目标理论的两种主流观点即受托责任观和决策有用观,并就几个主要方面作了比较。就上市公司会计信息管制介绍了管制理论和非管制理论。就国内的研究,介绍了会计信息的实质及其区别于一般商品的特殊性、会计信息行为性失真、会计信息披露管制、环境会计信息等方面的观点。这些观点,对本文的研究有着重要的参考和借鉴意义。最后,介绍了本文的研究思路、论文的框架结构及各章主要内容,归纳出了本文的主要贡献。第二章是本文的理论基础,介绍了会计信息、会计信息披露、会计信息披露制度的基本概念和重要意义以及会计信息披露的理论基础。通过阐释这些概念和理论等基础知识,为后文的研究做铺垫。就上市公司会计信息披露的理论基础,从有效市场假说、信息不对称理论、博弈论三个方面进行了介绍和分析,阐明了提高会计信息披露质量对我国资本市场良性发展的重要意义。值得一提的是,本文根据经济学的“理性的经济人”假定,指出会计信息的提供者和会计信息的使用者对会计信息披露存在博弈的理由和冲动。他们之间拥有的会计信息存在着不对称。而会计信息披露能减少信息的不对称,影响企业的经营者与外部的会计信息使用者的决策,一定程度上消除企业经营者的可能减少披露甚至歪曲披露会计信息的行为,使得资本市场的资源配置功能得到更好的发挥。第三章是我国资本市场会计信息披露的现状分析。这一章,首先介绍会计信息披露的内容的各个组成部分和几种方式。然后对当前上市公司会计信息披露的现状进行了描述,结合近年来的真实案例对上市公司会计信息披露存在的问题进行了分析。本文认为存在问题主要集中在会计信息披露不及时、会计信息披露不真实、会计信息披露不充分、会计信息披露不规范等几个方面。第四章是我国上市公司会计信息披露的博弈分析。通过对会计信息披露存在问题的研究,认为这是由于上市公司管理高层、会计师事务所、证监会的行为扭曲的结果以及会计系统本身的局限性造成的,用博弈论的分析方法建立了一个三方博弈模型,并提出假设,为后面的博弈分析打下基础。然后,构建了上市公司管理高层与证监会的子博弈、会计师事务所与证监会的子博弈和上市公司管理高层与会计师事务所的子博弈,分别就这三个子博弈的博弈双方的策略组合,构建支付矩阵,通过计算期望收益函数,求得纳什均衡,分析上市公司管理高层的原因,分析会计师事务所违规的原因。最后,通过对三方博弈模型的综合分析,得出三者的证监会最优监管概率、会计师事务所最优违规概率、上市公司管理高层最优概率,对虚假会计信息产生的原因进行了分析,提出证监会加大惩治力度、完善监管手段、提高监管效率,提高会计师事务所的独立性等治理虚假会计信息的措施。第五章是我国上市公司会计信息披露的治理对策。这一章在第二章的现状分析和第三章的博弈分析的基础上,结合新会计准则的实行,关注公允价值的谨慎、适度使用,提出完善公允价值有效监管制度;强调会计政策使用界限把握的重要性,提出完善会计政策使用的事后审查制度的建设。不局限于会计本身,提出加强法律法规建设、完善信息披露监管体系等措施来加强外部监管,通过完善上市公司治理结构、内部控制以及提高企业领导和会计人员素质等方式改善会计信息产生的内部环境,来有效治理虚假会计信息的产生。本文的主要贡献有以下几点:(1)将博弈的分析方法运用到我国上市公司会计信息披露问题的研究中,指出会计信息披露存在的问题是利益相关者对会计信息披露博弈均衡的结果,提出证监会加大惩治力度、完善监管手段、提高监管效率,提高会计师事务所的独立性等治理虚假会计信息的措施。(2)针对新会计准则引入公允价值计量模式这一特点,关注公允价值的谨慎、适度使用,提出完善公允价值有效监管制度建设问题。(3)针对会计信息披露问题,不局限于会计本身,提出公司治理、法律法规建设等一系列措施,内外兼治,改善会计信息产生的内外部环境,提高会计信息质量,增强会计信息披露的透明度
Abstract（英文摘要）： Chinese security market, as one of new security markets in the world, has witnessed great progress in more than ten years. Currently, with the prosperity of the capital market, more and more company gather the fund supporting by going on sale style and the capital market for development. However, false accounting information disclosing, he caused severe consequences to the security market and blocked its healthy development. Normalizing the action and the accounting information disclosure of listed companies he been one of the most important problem that our government must resolve in the recent years. Only by so can we protect the investor and ensure the stability of the market seqence.This paper tries to conbiming the new accounting standards, pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value and selecting of the accounting policies to perfect the accounting information disclosure system,and puts forward listed company internal governance and external monitoring as two aspects, so that the quality of accounting information disclosure and the efficiency of capital market will be improved .The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction. It first introduces the background and significance,puts forward the research topic of the accounting information disclosure and finding the way to solve this problem. Then, on the basis of reading a lot of domestic and foreign literature,this paper expounds forefather’s research results. Finally,the paper introduces the structure, main content and main contribution.The second chapter is the theoretical foundation of the whole paper. It first introduces the fundamental definitions and the great significance of the accounting information, the accounting information disclosure and the accounting information disclosure system, and then expounds the theoretical foundation of the accounting information disclosure. The third chapter analyses the present condition of the accounting information disclosure in our country’s capital market. It first introduces the several parts and ways of the accounting information disclosure, and then expounds the present condition of the accounting information disclosure of listed companies. Finally, combining the real examples in recent years , this chapter analyses the existing problems.This paper thinks that the existing problems chiefly lie in the delayed, unreal, insufficient and irregular accounting information disclosure.The fourth chapter analyses the existing problems in the accounting information disclosure by game theory. It is considered that the listed companies administer, accounting and securities supervise committee are distorted and the accounting system itself has limitations. It creates a triple model by game theory to analyze the reasons of the false accounting information and suggest governing measures accordingly.The fifth chapter proposes measures governing the accounting information disclosure in our country’s listed companies concretely. On the basis of the analysis of the second chapter and the third chapter, combining the implement of new accounting standards, pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value, and puts forward perfecting the effective supervision system of fair value; attaches importance to selecting of the accounting policies, and puts forward perfecting the investigation system of the accounting policies afterwards. Finally, it puts forward listed company internal governance and external monitoring to improve the quality of accounting information disclosure.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1) This paper applys the game analysis to the study of the accounting information disclosure in our country’s listed companies, suggests governing measures accordingly, including inflicting severer punishments, improving the supervision efficiency and improving the independence of the accounting firm and so on.(2) Aiming at the trait that the new accounting standards introduce the fair value measure model, this paper pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value, and puts forward perfecting the effective supervision system of the fair value. (3) Not limiting to the accounting itself, this paper puts forward internal governance and external monitoring of listed companies to improve the internal and external condition that the accounting information is produced, so that the quality of accounting information disclosure and the transparency of the accounting information disclosure will be improved.
论文关键词： 会计信息披露；博弈分析；内部控制；公司治理；外部监管；
Key words（英文摘要）： Accounting Information Disclosure；Game Analysis；Internal Control；Corporate Governance；External Supervision；
Abstract（英文摘要）： Chinese security market, as one of new security markets in the world, has witnessed great progress in more than ten years. Currently, with the prosperity of the capital market, more and more company gather the fund supporting by going on sale style and the capital market for development. However, false accounting information disclosing, he caused severe consequences to the security market and blocked its healthy development. Normalizing the action and the accounting information disclosure of listed companies he been one of the most important problem that our government must resolve in the recent years. Only by so can we protect the investor and ensure the stability of the market seqence.This paper tries to conbiming the new accounting standards, pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value and selecting of the accounting policies to perfect the accounting information disclosure system,and puts forward listed company internal governance and external monitoring as two aspects, so that the quality of accounting information disclosure and the efficiency of capital market will be improved .The main contents of this paper are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction. It first introduces the background and significance,puts forward the research topic of the accounting information disclosure and finding the way to solve this problem. Then, on the basis of reading a lot of domestic and foreign literature,this paper expounds forefather’s research results. Finally,the paper introduces the structure, main content and main contribution.The second chapter is the theoretical foundation of the whole paper. It first introduces the fundamental definitions and the great significance of the accounting information, the accounting information disclosure and the accounting information disclosure system, and then expounds the theoretical foundation of the accounting information disclosure. The third chapter analyses the present condition of the accounting information disclosure in our country’s capital market. It first introduces the several parts and ways of the accounting information disclosure, and then expounds the present condition of the accounting information disclosure of listed companies. Finally, combining the real examples in recent years , this chapter analyses the existing problems.This paper thinks that the existing problems chiefly lie in the delayed, unreal, insufficient and irregular accounting information disclosure.The fourth chapter analyses the existing problems in the accounting information disclosure by game theory. It is considered that the listed companies administer, accounting and securities supervise committee are distorted and the accounting system itself has limitations. It creates a triple model by game theory to analyze the reasons of the false accounting information and suggest governing measures accordingly.The fifth chapter proposes measures governing the accounting information disclosure in our country’s listed companies concretely. On the basis of the analysis of the second chapter and the third chapter, combining the implement of new accounting standards, pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value, and puts forward perfecting the effective supervision system of fair value; attaches importance to selecting of the accounting policies, and puts forward perfecting the investigation system of the accounting policies afterwards. Finally, it puts forward listed company internal governance and external monitoring to improve the quality of accounting information disclosure.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1) This paper applys the game analysis to the study of the accounting information disclosure in our country’s listed companies, suggests governing measures accordingly, including inflicting severer punishments, improving the supervision efficiency and improving the independence of the accounting firm and so on.(2) Aiming at the trait that the new accounting standards introduce the fair value measure model, this paper pays close attention to the cautious and appropriate using of the fair value, and puts forward perfecting the effective supervision system of the fair value. (3) Not limiting to the accounting itself, this paper puts forward internal governance and external monitoring of listed companies to improve the internal and external condition that the accounting information is produced, so that the quality of accounting information disclosure and the transparency of the accounting information disclosure will be improved.
论文关键词： 会计信息披露；博弈分析；内部控制；公司治理；外部监管；
Key words（英文摘要）： Accounting Information Disclosure；Game Analysis；Internal Control；Corporate Governance；External Supervision；