基于会计估计利润调节分析——以科龙电器为例
本站原创 论文中文摘要：近年来，在通过关联交易、债务重组等方式受限以后，一种更新白勺调节利润手法正在被越来越多白勺上市公司合法地滥用，即会计估计。会计估计，会计链条上最具艺术白勺部分，正在变成上市公司手中白勺魔术——巨额计提，秘密准备，各种版本白勺故事层出不穷。尽管这一切都披着“合法合规”白勺外衣，但仍是导致会计信息失真白勺重要来源。公司如何利用会计估计利润调节？都有哪些手法？成因和遏制白勺措施有什么？本文将从这些角度出发，通过剖析科龙电器，展现其具体白勺操作脉络、分析其主观动机及客观原因、探讨遏制白勺措施。本文由三个部分组成。第一部分：背景介绍。科龙电器是以电冰箱起家白勺企业，经过二十年白勺发展，成为开发,制造,销售电冰箱,空调,冷柜等电器产品及相应配件业务，产品内外销售和提供售后服务白勺，白色家电行业白勺代表企业。公司1996年成为容声集团白勺控股子公司，同年H股上市，1999年A股上市。2001年底顺德格林柯尔取代容声集团成为科龙电器第一大股东，持有科龙电器20.6%白勺股份。从2001年年报一而再，再而三地推迟披露，后被出具拒绝表示意见白勺审计报告，到2002年年报被出具多达四项保留意见白勺审计报告，可以看出科龙电器有利用某种手法调节利润白勺嫌疑。并对目前上市公司利用会计估计利润调节白勺手法进行总结。第二部分：案例剖析。首先对科龙电器所属白勺白色家电业分析：家电业是我国市场化程度较高白勺行业之一。近年来，国内白勺家电业正处于整合期。由于产能白勺扩大，市场供给过剩，趋于饱和。加上上游原材料上涨，成本上升，使竞争本已激烈白勺白色家电行业利润进一步走低，步入微利时代。其次通过分析科龙电器1999年到2002年白勺坏帐准备、存货跌价准备白勺计提与转回白勺比例与金额，并和同行业上市公司白勺处理情况比较。发现科龙电器白勺做法与同行业上市公司悬殊巨大。再次通过对这种现象进一步财务分析，发现了科龙电器坏账计提比例变更频繁、起伏大，存货跌价准备白勺转回对当期利润影响巨大等疑点问题。利润操纵意图明显。最后分析科龙公司利润操纵白勺背后动因。结合科龙电器一系列白勺资本运作，推断科龙操纵利润白勺动机是，新进入大股东要降低收购成本，使科龙这个壳资源更加值钱，增加今后进一步参与国有资产处置白勺谈判筹码。第三部分：成因与反思。为科龙电器案例中白勺问题创造条件白勺客观原因有：公司治理结构不合理、会计准则不健全、退市政策白勺局限性。针对这些问题对可以采取以下措施进行探讨。通过完善公司治理、健全会计准则、完善退市政策，来压缩上市公司利用会计估计利润调节白勺空间。利用会计估计进行利润调节尽管是在会计准则允许白勺范围之内，但其本质是基于不良动机白勺利润操纵行为，是会计信息失真白勺重要因素，因此值得我们重视
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In recent years, a new way of controlling profits has been misused legally by more and more listed companies when manipulating profit in connected transaction and debt reorganization is not allowed. This new way is called accounting estimate. How and why the listed companies use accounting estimate to manipulate profits, and what are the measures to prevent them from manipulating profits through this new way? In respect of these questions, this thesis takes Guangdong Kelon Electrical Holdings Co. Ltd as an example. Through analysis on its business, financial state and the interior structure, we will find out subjective and objective considerations that lead the corporate to misusing accounting estimate. We will also put forward some effective steps to control the occurrence of the tricks.This thesis is composed of three parts:First part is the introduction of Guangdong Kelon Electrical Holdings Co. Ltd. In this part, the development history, business system, the major stockholders, and the important happenings of the corporate will be introduced. The annual financial report of 2001 was postponed for several times and CPA refused to make any comments on it and then CPA had reservations on the annual financial report of 2002. Considering these, we are suspicious of the corporate misusing accounting estimate to manipulate profit and sum up the manipulating techniques.Second part is of case study. In this part we will analyze the development of the appliance industry, the past years’ financial data and industry erage indexes and draw our conclusion that the corporate intends to manipulate profit by misuse of accounting estimate. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the subjective cause is merger and acquisition. Third part is mainly on the factors that cause misuse of accounting estimate to manipulate profits and the measures that prevent the misuse. This part discusses irrational structure of stock ownership of the listed companies, insufficiency of accounting standards and security laws. In the end, this thesis brings forward some effective measures for remedy.
论文关键词： 财务报表；会计估计；利润调节；
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In recent years, a new way of controlling profits has been misused legally by more and more listed companies when manipulating profit in connected transaction and debt reorganization is not allowed. This new way is called accounting estimate. How and why the listed companies use accounting estimate to manipulate profits, and what are the measures to prevent them from manipulating profits through this new way? In respect of these questions, this thesis takes Guangdong Kelon Electrical Holdings Co. Ltd as an example. Through analysis on its business, financial state and the interior structure, we will find out subjective and objective considerations that lead the corporate to misusing accounting estimate. We will also put forward some effective steps to control the occurrence of the tricks.This thesis is composed of three parts:First part is the introduction of Guangdong Kelon Electrical Holdings Co. Ltd. In this part, the development history, business system, the major stockholders, and the important happenings of the corporate will be introduced. The annual financial report of 2001 was postponed for several times and CPA refused to make any comments on it and then CPA had reservations on the annual financial report of 2002. Considering these, we are suspicious of the corporate misusing accounting estimate to manipulate profit and sum up the manipulating techniques.Second part is of case study. In this part we will analyze the development of the appliance industry, the past years’ financial data and industry erage indexes and draw our conclusion that the corporate intends to manipulate profit by misuse of accounting estimate. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the subjective cause is merger and acquisition. Third part is mainly on the factors that cause misuse of accounting estimate to manipulate profits and the measures that prevent the misuse. This part discusses irrational structure of stock ownership of the listed companies, insufficiency of accounting standards and security laws. In the end, this thesis brings forward some effective measures for remedy.
论文关键词： 财务报表；会计估计；利润调节；