新套期会计准则在我国商业银行衍生金融工具核算中应用及其对商业银行影响
本站原创 论文中文摘要：套期会计主要包括套期关系认定、套期有效性评估、套期会计核算和套期披露四部分。本文首先在明确套期保值、套期会计、套期工具和被套期项目概念白勺基础上，系统地阐述了套期关系白勺认定条件、套期有效性白勺评价标准、套期白勺会计核算方法和套期白勺披露内容。其次，根据我国各家商业银行目前对衍生金融工具(主要指远期、掉期和期权)套期行为会计核算现状白勺分析及现行套期会计核算方法与新套期会计准则会计处理方法白勺差异，论述了自2007年1月1日起，《企业会计准则第24号——套期保值》在衍生金融工具核算中白勺全面应用将会给我国商业银行带来哪些影响。最后，文章阐述了金融工具全面实行公允价值计量会对套期会计产生什么样白勺冲击，并提出了该模式下“新型”套期会计白勺处理方法
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In recent decades, a prominent phenomenon in the field of risk management is that derivative financial instruments are widely used in all kinds of risk management. At the same time, world-shaking financial crises and storms come forth one after another. It seems that each of these crises or storms has something to do with derivative financial instruments. Therefore, at present, it is urgent to work out how to supervise these financial instruments in accounting approaches, for actually, these innovative financial instruments are just like a two-edge sword: not only can they be used in risk management, but also they bear enormous risks themselves. Corresponding to the duality of derivative financial instruments, enterprises invite these instruments in order to achieve two main purposes: one is to oid risks through hedging; the other is to gain profits from risks by means of speculation. Different holding purposes may result in discrepancies of economic impact. Therefore, accounting supervision on derivative financial instruments should be different according to various holding purposes. This thesis focuses on how commercial banks faithfully reflect their hedging practices in accounting by means of derivative financial instruments.As the most complicated part of derivative financial instrument accounting, hedge accounting refers to an accounting approach through which we can count the offset fair value or cash flow of hedging instruments and hedged items in the accounting earnings under certain precondition. Due to the risk management characteristic of derivative financial instruments, most hedging instruments are derivative financial instruments. And this thesis only talks about situations in which derivative financial instruments work as hedging instruments.In the first chapter, after making clear the concepts of hedging, hedge accounting, hedging instruments and hedged items, the author systematically illustrates how to identify hedge relationships, that is, enterprises can apply hedge accounting methods in hedging business only when all the relevant requirements are satiied at the same time, and they should terminate the use of hedge accounting when there appears certain situation that no longer meets the requirements. Next, this part details the effectiveness of hedge, including three common evaluation approaches of hedging effectiveness, evaluation standard of hedging effectiveness and evaluation frequency of hedging effectiveness. At last, the accounting methods and disclosure of hedge are discussed, making it clear that different accounting methods should be adopted according to three different hedging relationships: the fair value hedging, the cash flow hedging and the net foreign investment hedging. In order to make it clear to the readers, the author illustrates each of the three hedging relationships with diagrams. Similarly, the disclosure of hedge should also follow the three types of hedging relationships.Chapter Two is the most important part of this thesis, where lies the practical significance of this article. First, the author analyzes the present status in which various commercial banks practice hedge accounting on derivative financial instruments (mainly referring to long-term, swaps and options). According to the International Accounting Standards, in hedge accounting, the conditions are very strict; the processing of accounting is relatively complicated; and there are high requirements towards management and accounting personnels. Therefore, at present, none of the commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks really utilizes the hedge accounting of International Accounting Standards in practice. Then, taking foreign exchange financing products as an example, the author discusses the similarities and differences between current accounting methods and methods following New Hedging Value Standards, thus points out that the implement of the new Hedging Value makes it possible for the managers of commercial banks to he a more comprehensive and macro picture of the risks of the current derivative financial instruments and therefore they can make a much more effective strategy for risk management in general. At last, based on the above analyses, the author points out that as "New Hedge Value Standards" has been put into wide use since January 1st, 2007, it will bring about great impacts on the management, risk management and financial accounting of Chinese commercial banks. In the end, the author tries to identify these impacts and gives some suggestions and solutions.Based on the main current of international accounting, the third part of this thesis discusses the ultimate direction of hedge accounting. As has been stated before, the current measurement of financial instruments is a mixed measurement model. In December, 2000, the International Accounting Standards Committee put forward a proposal to apply the Fair Value Measurement to all the financial instruments. Correspondingly, hedge accounting was required to be cancelled, for it was based on the mixed measurement model between historical costs and fair value in IAS39. If the Comprehensive fair-value model is adopted, that is, the fair value measurement is applied to both derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, there will be no disjunction in hedge value practices and the deficiencies of hedge accounting can be oided, such as affecting accounting report basis, complicated operation and a large space of management control etc. Undoubtedly, these will he an impact on the present hedging accounting model. Moreover, this chapter also predicts the changes that the Comprehensive fair-value model will bring to hedge accounting, that is, to forecast what kind of "new" hedge accounting will emerge.
论文关键词： 套期保值；套期会计；衍生金融工具；公允价值；
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn In recent decades, a prominent phenomenon in the field of risk management is that derivative financial instruments are widely used in all kinds of risk management. At the same time, world-shaking financial crises and storms come forth one after another. It seems that each of these crises or storms has something to do with derivative financial instruments. Therefore, at present, it is urgent to work out how to supervise these financial instruments in accounting approaches, for actually, these innovative financial instruments are just like a two-edge sword: not only can they be used in risk management, but also they bear enormous risks themselves. Corresponding to the duality of derivative financial instruments, enterprises invite these instruments in order to achieve two main purposes: one is to oid risks through hedging; the other is to gain profits from risks by means of speculation. Different holding purposes may result in discrepancies of economic impact. Therefore, accounting supervision on derivative financial instruments should be different according to various holding purposes. This thesis focuses on how commercial banks faithfully reflect their hedging practices in accounting by means of derivative financial instruments.As the most complicated part of derivative financial instrument accounting, hedge accounting refers to an accounting approach through which we can count the offset fair value or cash flow of hedging instruments and hedged items in the accounting earnings under certain precondition. Due to the risk management characteristic of derivative financial instruments, most hedging instruments are derivative financial instruments. And this thesis only talks about situations in which derivative financial instruments work as hedging instruments.In the first chapter, after making clear the concepts of hedging, hedge accounting, hedging instruments and hedged items, the author systematically illustrates how to identify hedge relationships, that is, enterprises can apply hedge accounting methods in hedging business only when all the relevant requirements are satiied at the same time, and they should terminate the use of hedge accounting when there appears certain situation that no longer meets the requirements. Next, this part details the effectiveness of hedge, including three common evaluation approaches of hedging effectiveness, evaluation standard of hedging effectiveness and evaluation frequency of hedging effectiveness. At last, the accounting methods and disclosure of hedge are discussed, making it clear that different accounting methods should be adopted according to three different hedging relationships: the fair value hedging, the cash flow hedging and the net foreign investment hedging. In order to make it clear to the readers, the author illustrates each of the three hedging relationships with diagrams. Similarly, the disclosure of hedge should also follow the three types of hedging relationships.Chapter Two is the most important part of this thesis, where lies the practical significance of this article. First, the author analyzes the present status in which various commercial banks practice hedge accounting on derivative financial instruments (mainly referring to long-term, swaps and options). According to the International Accounting Standards, in hedge accounting, the conditions are very strict; the processing of accounting is relatively complicated; and there are high requirements towards management and accounting personnels. Therefore, at present, none of the commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks really utilizes the hedge accounting of International Accounting Standards in practice. Then, taking foreign exchange financing products as an example, the author discusses the similarities and differences between current accounting methods and methods following New Hedging Value Standards, thus points out that the implement of the new Hedging Value makes it possible for the managers of commercial banks to he a more comprehensive and macro picture of the risks of the current derivative financial instruments and therefore they can make a much more effective strategy for risk management in general. At last, based on the above analyses, the author points out that as "New Hedge Value Standards" has been put into wide use since January 1st, 2007, it will bring about great impacts on the management, risk management and financial accounting of Chinese commercial banks. In the end, the author tries to identify these impacts and gives some suggestions and solutions.Based on the main current of international accounting, the third part of this thesis discusses the ultimate direction of hedge accounting. As has been stated before, the current measurement of financial instruments is a mixed measurement model. In December, 2000, the International Accounting Standards Committee put forward a proposal to apply the Fair Value Measurement to all the financial instruments. Correspondingly, hedge accounting was required to be cancelled, for it was based on the mixed measurement model between historical costs and fair value in IAS39. If the Comprehensive fair-value model is adopted, that is, the fair value measurement is applied to both derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, there will be no disjunction in hedge value practices and the deficiencies of hedge accounting can be oided, such as affecting accounting report basis, complicated operation and a large space of management control etc. Undoubtedly, these will he an impact on the present hedging accounting model. Moreover, this chapter also predicts the changes that the Comprehensive fair-value model will bring to hedge accounting, that is, to forecast what kind of "new" hedge accounting will emerge.
论文关键词： 套期保值；套期会计；衍生金融工具；公允价值；